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OnDaFence 36H/44H
44267 entradas
16/11/2017 8:32 pm

Leído por Última Vez:
17/11/2017 2:41 pm

HAPPY BIRTHDAY



HAPPY 2008th BIRTHDAY to Emperor Titus Flāvius Caesar Vespasiānus Augustus! Probably my favorite Emperor of ancient Rome.



Vespasian was born in a village north-east of Rome called Falacrinae. His family was relatively undistinguished and lacking in pedigree. His paternal grandfather, Titus Flavius Petro, became the first to distinguish himself, rising to the rank of centurion and fighting at Pharsalus for Pompey in 48 BC. Subsequently he became a debt collector. Petro's son, Titus Flavius Sabinus, worked as a customs official in the province of Asia and became a money-lender on a small scale among the Helvetii (Modern day Swiss). He gained a reputation as a scrupulous and honest "tax-farmer".



Vespasian married Flavia Domitilla, the daughter of Flavius Liberalis from Ferentium. They had two sons, Titus Flavius Vespasianus (born 39) and Titus Flavius Domitianus (born 51), and a daughter, Domitilla (born c. 45). His wife Domitilla and his daughter Domitilla both died before Vespasian became Emperor in 69. After the death of his wife, Vespasian's longstanding mistress, Antonia Caenis, became his wife in all but formal status, a relationship that continued until she died in 75.



In preparation for a praetorship, Vespasian needed two periods of service in the minor magistracies, one military and the other public. Vespasian served in the military in Thrace for about 3 years. On his return to Rome in about AD 30, he obtained a post in the vigintivirate, the minor magistracies, most probably in one of the posts in charge of street cleaning.



Upon the accession of Claudius as emperor in 41, Vespasian was appointed legate of Legio II Augusta, stationed in Germania, thanks to the influence of the Imperial freedman Narcissus. In 43, Vespasian and the II Augusta participated in the Roman invasion of Britain, and he distinguished himself under the overall command of Aulus Plautius. After participating in crucial early battles on the rivers Medway and Thames, he was sent to reduce the south west, penetrating through the modern counties of Hampshire, Wiltshire, Dorset, Somerset, Devon and Cornwall with the probable objectives of securing the south coast ports and harbors along with the tin mines of Cornwall and the silver and lead mines of Somerset.



His success as the legate of a legion earned him a consulship in 51, after which he retired from public life, having incurred the enmity of Claudius' wife, Agrippina. He came out of retirement in 63 when he was sent as governor to Africa Province. According to Tacitus (ii.97), his rule was "infamous and odious" but according to Suetonius (Vesp. 4), he was "upright and, highly honourable". On one occasion, Suetonius writes, Vespasian was pelted with turnips. Vespasian used his time in North Africa wisely. Usually governorships were seen by ex-consuls as opportunities to extort huge amounts of money to regain the wealth they had spent on their previous political campaigns. Corruption was so rife that it was almost expected that a governor would come back from these appointments with his pockets full. However, Vespasian used his time in North Africa making friends instead of money, something that would be far more valuable in the years to come.



Returning from Africa, Vespasian toured Greece in Nero's retinue, but lost Imperial favour after he fell asleep during one of the Emperor's recitals on the lyre, and found himself in the political wilderness. In 66 AD, Vespasian was appointed to suppress the Jewish revolt underway in Judea. The fighting there had killed the previous governor and routed Cestius Gallus, the governor of Syria, when he tried to restore order. Two legions, with eight cavalry squadrons and ten auxiliary cohorts, were therefore dispatched under the command of Vespasian while his elder son, Titus, arrived from Alexandria with another legion.



Vespasian was called to Rome and appointed as Emperor in 69. With Vespasian's departure, Titus moved to besiege the center of rebel resistance in Jerusalem in early 70. The first two walls of Jerusalem were breached within three weeks, but a stubborn rebel standoff prevented the Roman Army from breaking the third and thickest wall. Following a brutal seven-month siege, during which Zealot infighting resulted in burning of the entire food supplies of the city, the Romans finally succeeded in breaching the defenses of the weakened Jewish forces in the summer of 70. Following the fall of Jerusalem, in the year 71 Titus left for Rome, leaving Legion X Fretensis to defeat the remaining Jewish strongholds including Herodium and Machaerus, finalizing the Roman campaign in Masada in 73–74.



After the death of Nero in 68, Rome saw a succession of short-lived emperors and a year of civil wars. Galba was murdered by supporters of Otho, who was defeated by Vitellius. Otho's supporters, looking for another candidate to support, settled on Vespasian. While Vespasian himself was in Egypt securing its grain supply, his troops entered Italy from the northeast under the leadership of M. Antonius Primus. They defeated Vitellius's army (which had awaited him in Mevania) at Bedriacum (or Betriacum), sacked Cremona and advanced on Rome. Vitellius hastily arranged a peace with Antonius, but the Emperor's Praetorian Guard forced him to retain his seat. After furious fighting, Antonius' army entered Rome. In the resulting confusion, the Capitol was destroyed by fire and Vespasian's brother Sabinus was killed by a mob. Vespasian was declared emperor by the Senate while he was still in Egypt in December of 69.

Between 71 and 79, much of Vespasian's reign is a mystery. Historians report that Vespasian ordered the construction of several buildings in Rome. Vespasian and Mucianus renewed old taxes and instituted new ones, increased the tribute of the provinces, and kept a watchful eye upon the treasury officials. Rome experienced a long period of financial prosperity and stability under the Flavian Dynasty.



The Colosseum or Flavian Amphitheatre was built in Rome, however, this prosperity was not just limited to Rome but was spread throughout the Empire. Vespasian was known for his wit and his amiable manner alongside his commanding personality and military prowess. He could be liberal to impoverished Senators and equestrians and to cities and towns desolated by natural calamity. He was especially generous to men of letters and rhetors. With his death on 23 June AD 79 Titus his eldest son became Emperor to be followed by Domitian leaving Rome in a far better condition than when they received it.

OnDaFence 36H/44H

16/11/2017 8:38 pm

Vespasian's coin with the sow and baby pigs is one on my FAVs... He was a friend of agriculture. He also issued denarius with Cattle and chickens on them.


OnDaFence 36H/44H

16/11/2017 8:39 pm

The Judae Capta coins are a major investment as they are highly sought after by collectors.


OnDaFence 36H/44H

16/11/2017 8:42 pm

The gold aurius of Vespasian's seem to be most plentiful representative of the prosperity of the period


OnDaFence 36H/44H

16/11/2017 8:43 pm

I tried to cut it down from a 15 volume compendium! and I had too many pictures too!


mral65 58H
366 entradas
16/11/2017 8:59 pm

Roman history is interesting. A very different society from the one that this peasant lives.


battle34me 108H
419 entradas
16/11/2017 9:25 pm

i'm sure any of those coins would fetch a high price, informative post!


Hungr4Yungr 75H
5766 entradas
16/11/2017 9:50 pm

I can tell your fondness of Roman history, and particularly of this dude, Vespasian. Thanks for the information.


OnDaFence 36H/44H

16/11/2017 11:43 pm

    Cita mral65:
    Roman history is interesting. A very different society from the one that this peasant lives.
This and the era of Hadrian are my favorite times to cover.


OnDaFence 36H/44H

16/11/2017 11:44 pm

    Cita battle34me:
    i'm sure any of those coins would fetch a high price, informative post!
I probably over did it with the coins but they are a piece of the history to us.


OnDaFence 36H/44H

16/11/2017 11:46 pm

    Cita Hungr4Yungr:
    I can tell your fondness of Roman history, and particularly of this dude, Vespasian. Thanks for the information.
I was ending up with 2 blogs worth and had to par it back a bit


jrodd 65H
4396 entradas
17/11/2017 2:01 am

I love those gold ones they are beautiful and valueable ! You should been a history teacher onda neat!


OnDaFence 36H/44H

17/11/2017 2:41 pm

    Cita jrodd:
    I love those gold ones they are beautiful and valueable ! You should been a history teacher onda neat!
I'd probably get called into the office for slapping some disrespectful brat around or calling ICE for some slummer who can't speak English.